Frequency Stability Control in Low-Inertia Microgrids Using Optimized Virtual Damping Stabilizers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20508/fbwjq937Keywords:
Microgrid, frequency control, virtual damping stabiliser, FOPID, FDICAbstract
Inverter-based Generators generally lack natural inertia required for ascertaining the frequency stability of Electrical Microgrid Power Systems. A robust virtual inertia emulation technique is required in ensuring that frequency stability of low-inertia systems is greatly improved. This paper presents a hybrid control strategy that combines Fractional Derivative Inertia Control (FDIC) and a Virtual Damping Stabilizer (VDS) modelled as lead-lag compensator, and then as FOPID, implemented via a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) to address these challenges. The FDIC is a BESS-based virtual inertia controller that leverages fractional calculus to emulate inertia and damping, while the VDS generates the appropriate compensating power that helps dampen out oscillations. A comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink model of an islanded microgrid comprising a diesel generator, photovoltaic (PV), and wind generation is developed to evaluate the proposed approach. Control parameters are optimized using the Beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm (BWO), ensuring robust performance under various disturbances and its performance is evaluated by comparison with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based VDS design. Simulation results demonstrate that the FDIC+VDS scheme significantly improves frequency deviation compared to traditional virtual inertia. The findings highlight the efficacy of advanced BESS-based control strategies in enhancing the resilience and stability of low-inertia, renewable-rich microgrids.
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